Considerações acerca da indústria cultural em adorno e Horkheimer

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Neste trabalho que se segue, é feita uma justaposição entre dois textos de Horkheimer, sendo eles “A Função Social da Filosofia” e um capítulo da obra Dialética do esclarecimento, denominado de “A Indústria Cultural: o Esclarecimento como Mistificação das Massas”, escrita com a parceria de Theodor Adorno. O trabalho se inicia com a proposta de mostrar que há uma atualidade (tal atualidade se dá no contexto de elaboração deste trabalho no ano de 2018) na atividade filosófica, e o texto “A Função Social da Filosofia” traz luz a esta proposta. No decorrer do trabalho, o capítulo “A Indústria Cultural: o Esclarecimento como Mistificação das Massas” é utilizado para demonstrar a conceituação e área de atuação da indústria cultural, um fenômeno que se apresentou na fase de monopólio do capitalismo (tendo em vista que o capitalismo também teve sua fase inicial, ou capitalismo mercantil e a fase do capitalismo industrial). As ações e consequências da indústria cultural se mantêm atuais e a filosofia tem a capacidade de analisá-las

Patógenos bacterianos da aquacultura

Mestrado em Ciências do Mar e Zonas CosteirasA aquacultura é uma técnica usada a milhares de anos pelo homem para cultivo de organismos aquáticos (China - 2000 anos A.C.), dos quais ele usufrui de seus benefícios. Esta técnica de produção de alimento, na maior parte das vezes associada aos ambientes costeiros, é hoje altamente requisistada e impulsionada pelo elevado consumo de grande parte da população mundial, uma vez que, os estoques pesqueiros explorados pelo homem ao redor do globo apresentam indícios de declínio (super explorados ou totalmente explorados). Em virtude das elevadas taxas de consumo de pescado per capta atuais (9,9 Kg em 1960 para 17,2 Kg em 2009), a aquacultura é uma alternativa para a manutenção da oferta de pescado no futuro, sendo sua implantação uma ação recorrente em diversos países, expandindo as fronteiras do setor aquícola. Esta rápida expansão e as elevadas densidades utilizadas em cultivos, acabam por originar riscos e perigos à sanidade dos animais e do consumidor final de seus produtos. Estes riscos estão associados a potenciais doenças e infecções ocasionadas pela atuação de microrganismos patogénicos bacterianos, que constantemente vem assolando cultivos de diversas espécies. Estes microrganismos patogénicos comumente encontrados em aquacultura, e principalmente os analisados no presente estudo são característicamente células gram-negativas, causadores de vibriose (Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio vulnificus e Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae) e photobacteriose (Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida), sendo estas, umas das mais importantes doenças pelo impacto económico associado. Para a obtenção de diagnóstico e controle rápido destes disturbios associados aos agentes etiológicos em questão, são necessários métodos inovadores eficazes de alta sensibilidade, com o intuito de mitigar elevados prejuízos ao setor. Dentre estas técnicas, a mais utilizada é a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) e suas variantes, que utilizam fragmentos genéticos de bactérias alvo para sua rápida detecção. Essas técnicas utilizam iniciadores filogenéticos (primers) que delimitam as áreas específicas do genoma bacteriano a ampliar, permitindo detetar a presença desta em uma determinada amostra. O presente trabalho visa reportar os procedimentos elaborados para a sintetização de novos primers para a indentificação específica de subespécies de Photobacterium. Os resultados apesar de negativos para a identificação e amplificação do material genómico das duas subespécies, deve ser melhor estudado, com o intuito de testar a sua especificidade.Aquaculture is a technique used for thousands of years by man for cultivation of aquatic organisms (China - 2000 BC). This technique of food production most often associated with coastal environments, is currently highly requested and driven by high consumption of the world population. Since fish stocks exploited by humans around the globe show a decline (over-exploited or fully exploited). Given the high current rates of fish consumption per capita (9.9 kg in 1960 to 17.2 kg in 2009), aquaculture is an alternative to maintaining the supply of fish in the future. This rapid expansion and the high densities used in crops, eventually imposes risks for the health of animals and for the human (final consumer). These risks are associated with potential diseases and infections caused by the action of bacterial pathogens, which are frequently plaguing crops of various species. These pathogens here analyzed, are characteristically gram-negative bacteria, wich causing vibriosis (Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio vulnificus, and Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae) and photobacteriosis (Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida), which are the most important diseases and they are major causative of economical losses in the aquaculture. To obtain a quick diagnosis and provide management tools for the control of disorders associated with the referred infectious agents, effective, sensitive and innovative methods are needed in order to mitigate heavy losses to the industry. Among these techniques, the most widely used is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and their variations, using genetic sequences of these bacteria to their early detection. These techniques use phylogenetic primers (primers) for amplifying specific areas of the bacterial genome, thus determining the presence of specific pathogens in a given sample. The present paper reports the procedures developed for the synthesis of new primers for the specific identification of subspecies of Photobacterium. The results despite the negativity, for identifying and amplifying the genomic material of the two subspecies should be further studied in order to test their specificity

Lung bioengineering: physical stimuli and stem/progenitor cell biology interplay towards biofabricating a functional organ

A current approach to obtain bioengineered lungs as a future alternative for transplantation is based on seeding stem cells on decellularized lung scaffolds. A fundamental question to be solved in this approach is how to drive stem cell differentiation onto the different lung cell phenotypes. Whereas the use of soluble factors as agents to modulate the fate of stem cells was established from an early stage of the research with this type of cells, it took longer to recognize that the physical microenvironment locally sensed by stem cells (e.g. substrate stiffness, 3D architecture, cyclic stretch, shear stress, air-liquid interface, oxygenation gradient) also contributes to their differentiation. The potential role played by physical stimuli would be particularly relevant in lung bioengineering since cells within the organ are physiologically subjected to two main stimuli required to facilitate efficient gas exchange: air ventilation and blood perfusion across the organ. The present review focuses on describing how the cell mechanical microenvironment can modulate stem cell differentiation and how these stimuli could be incorporated into lung bioreactors for optimizing organ bioengineering

Arthroscopic double- bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using hamstring tendon grafts: fixation with two interference screws

Surgical procedures for double-bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament, which currently use semitendinous and gracilis tendon grafts, have been described in the last decade. Most of the techniques utilize twice the hardware used in single-bundle reconstructions. We report an original anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction technique using semitendinous and gracilis tendon grafts, maintaining their tibial bone insertions with two tibial and two femoral tunnels. A simplified and precise outside-in femoral drilling technique is utilized, and the graft fixation is made utilizing only two interference screws.Procedimentos cirúrgicos de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com duplo feixe dos tendões dos músculos semitendíneo e grácil têm sido descritos na última década. A maioria das técnicas descritas utiliza o dobro de material de síntese empregado na reconstrução com feixe único. Relatamos uma técnica original para a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com duplo feixe, na qual mantemos as inserções tibiais dos tendões dos músculos semitendíneo e grácil e realizamos dois túneis tibiais e dois túneis femorais. Os túneis femorais são realizados de fora para dentro e a fixação do enxerto é realizada somente com dois parafusos de interferência.UNIFESP-EPM Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSanta Casa do Rio de Janeiro Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

Prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions among adults:a systematic review

Objectives: This study aims to systematically review the literature on noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and calculate an overall prevalence estimate. Methods: The protocol of this systematic review was prepared according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases were searched. Relevant published papers that provided information regarding the prevalence or number of NCCLs among general or specific populations were included. Results: The initial search identified 569 titles and abstracts, 24 of which met the eligibility criteria involving 14,628 participants. The weighted mean prevalence of NCCLs among the whole studied population was 46.7 % (95 % CI: 38.2; 55.3 %), ranging from 9.1%–93%. Based on sub-analyses, studies with populations older than 30 years revealed higher weighted prevalence (53 %) than those with populations younger than 30 years (43 %). Regarding the diagnostic method, when visual or tactile clinical examination was used, the prevalence was lower than when the Smith and Knight tooth wear index was used. When different definitions were used, the weighted mean prevalence varied from 28 % to 62 %. As to the terms used to address the lesions, the prevalence was higher when “noncarious cervical lesion” was used and lower when “root defects,” “abrasion,” or “abfraction” were used. When geographical regions were compared, South America had the highest reported prevalence of NCCLs, while the United States had the lowest. Moreover, general populations presented the highest prevalence, slightly higher than dental populations, whose members frequented dental practices. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of NCCLs was 46.7 % and higher in older populations. Visual and tactile clinical examination underestimate this prevalence compared to the established index. The terms and definitions used also influenced the prevalence data. Distinct geographical differences were observed, and general populations were more inclined to present NCCLs

Biomechanical Response of Lung Epithelial Cells to Iron Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Increasing evidence shows that lungs can be damaged by inhalation of nanoparticles (NPs) at environmental and occupational settings. Recent findings have associated the exposure to iron oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) - NPs widely used in biomedical and clinical research - with pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. Although changes on cellular mechanics could contribute to pulmonary inflammation, there is no information regarding the effects of Fe2O3 and TiO2 on alveolar epithelial cell biomechanics. The aim was to investigate the NPs-induced biomechanical effects in terms of cell stiffness and traction forces exerted by human alveolar epithelial cells. Cell Young's modulus (E) measured by atomic force microscopy in alveolar epithelial cells significantly decreased after exposure to Fe2O3 and TiO2 (∼28 and ∼25%, respectively) compared to control conditions. Moreover, both NPs induced a similar reduction in the traction forces exerted by the alveolar epithelial cells in comparison to the control conditions. Accordingly, immunofluorescence images revealed a reduction of actomyosin stress fibers in response to the exposure to NPs. However, no inflammatory response was detected. In conclusion, an acute exposure of epithelial pulmonary cells to Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs, which was mild since it was non-cytotoxic and did not induce inflammation, modified cell biomechanical properties which could be translated into damage of the epithelial barrier integrity, suggesting that mild environmental inhalation of Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs could not be innocuous

3-D Evaluation of temporary skeletal anchorage sites in the maxilla

The selection of temporary anchorage device (TAD) site can be a challenging task since one should not only consider the 2-D distances between roots, but also the entire 3-D space. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior maxillary regio

Efeito relativo da idade em crianças e jovens participantes de jogos estudantis

O Efeito Relativo da Idade (ERI) tem sido observado em diversos escalões etários e modalidades esportivas. Neste trabalho averiguou-se a incidência e a extensão do ERI nas equipes campeãs e finalistas dos Jogos Estudantis de Castro – PR (JECA). Para isto, foram levantas as datas de nascimento de 358 atletas de ambos os sexos e praticantes das modalidades: basquetebol, futsal e voleibol. Através do software SPSS 20.0 foram produzidas estatísticas descritivas de tendência central, frequências, percentagens e o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância pré-estabelecido em p≤0,05. Apesar do baixo nível de competitividade verificou-se uma frequência significativamente superior de participantes nascidos no primeiro semestre do ano vigente para competição quando se observou: a amostra total, amostra masculina, para o agrupamento G2 (12,2±0,5 anos de idade), para a amostra feminina do agrupamento G2, para os praticantes de basquetebol e para os basquetebolistas do gênero masculino. Estes resultados alertam para a necessidade de se rever os modelos de seleção esportiva e de divisão dos escalonamentos etários para que todas as crianças e jovens tenham as mesmas condições de participar e de se desenvolverem dentro do esporte

Por que o paciente submetido a reconstrucao do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior no Brasil permanece internado por um periodo superior a outros paises? Avaliacao Prospectiva de 30 pacientes e apresentacao de possiveis criterios de alta hospitalar

OBJECTIVE:Evaluate a better moment by the medical team and patient to be discharged and relate to possible medical discharge criteria.METHODS:31 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients under similar conditions prospectively evaluated about the possibility of discharge with 24 and 48 hours after surgery and possibles discharges criteria such as pain, range of motion and capacity quadriceps contraction, besides the use of a validated scale to measure the patient's functional independence.RESULTS:50% and 6.4% of patients prefer remain hospitalized after 24 and 48 hours of surgery, respectively. The average of the visual analogue scale of pain was 2.63 and 1.76 points, and the range of motion of 79º and 86,7º after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. 100% of patients were able to quadriceps contraction in every evaluated moments.CONCLUSION:In Brazil, possible discharged criteria as pain, range of motion, quad contraction and motor independence motor function scale show that anterior cruciate reconstruction reconstructed patients could be discharged after 24 hours of surgery. However, 50% of patients still prefer to remain hospitalized for longer periods.OBJETIVO:Avaliar o momento considerado ideal pela equipe médica e pelo paciente para receber alta e relacioná-lo com possíveis critérios de alta médica.MÉTODOS:Foram submetidos à reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior sob condições semelhantes 31 pacientes avaliados prospectivamente sobre a possibilidade de alta médica com 24 e 48 horas de cirurgia e possíveis critérios de alta, como dor, arco de movimento e capacidade de contração do quadríceps, além do uso de uma escala validada para medir a independência funcional motora do paciente.RESULTADOS:A permanência hospitalar após 24 horas de cirurgia é preferida por 50% dos pacientes, enquanto que 6,3% preferem permanecer por mais de 48 horas após a cirurgia. A média do valor da escala visual analógica de dor foi de 2,63 e 1,76 pontos; e o arco de movimento de 79º e 86,7º após 24 e 48 horas, respectivamente. Todos os pacientes foram capazes de contrair o quadríceps em todos os momentos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO:No Brasil, critérios possíveis de alta, como avaliação da dor, do arco de movimento, do controle do quadríceps e da independência funcional motora, mostram que seria possível o paciente submetido à reconstrução artroscópica do LCA receber alta com 24 horas. Entretanto, 50% dos pacientes ainda preferem permanecer internados no hospital por período mais prolongado.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyInstituto CohenSanta Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo School of Medical SciencesUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL

Mapping of processes and risks in the digital transformation in metrology of ionizing radiation, a case study in X-rays air kerma calibration

For the new metrological challenges of an increasingly digitized world, several countries are developing applications and infrastructure for Digital Calibration Certificates – DCC, researching the comparability of real and virtual measurements. Objective: to map the processes and risks related to the digital transformation of X-rays air kerma calibration. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis - FMEA was used to quantify risks and is widely used in the aviation and automotive industry due to its reliability. The results presented a conceptual model for calibrating ionizing radiation quantities in the framework of new technologies and calibration 4.0 and comparing processes and risks. The conceptual model of calibration 4.0 comprises three main parts: a transmitter, the 4.0 communication network, and a receiver. Intelligent devices with configurations enable calibration data transfers by radio-frequency messaging in all these parts. Comparing risks in contemporary and calibration 4.0 processes, a slight reduction in the total risk can be observed. But new risks are unique to the 4.0 model, all with maximum severity, and how to mitigate them is still unknown. It is also possible to estimate that artificial intelligence and automation can significantly reduce measurement risks, identification, and error in the analysis and use of calibration certificates